UK Immigration Articles and Resources

EU Border Changes 2025: What Non-EU Travellers and Businesses Need to Know

Written by Thal Vasishta | Sep 1, 2025 2:20:20 PM

 

1. EU Entry/Exit System (EES)

  • What it is:

    The EES is an automated IT system replacing manual passport stamping for non-EU/Schengen nationals entering or exiting the Schengen area. It registers personal and travel data to monitor border crossings and enforce the Schengen short-stay rules. 

 

  • Where is applies:

    25 EU countries (excluding Cyprus and Ireland) plus Norway, Iceland, Switzerland, and Liechtenstein.

 

  • Key Features

    • Launch date: 12 October 2025, with phased implementation over 180 days.

    • Data captured: Name, travel document type, biometric data (fingerprints, facial image), date and place of entry/exit.

    • Biometric collection: First entry requires fingerprints and facial image capture; subsequent visits will be verified against stored data.

    • Data retention: Normally erased three years after last trip for data protection.

    • Exemptions:

      • Children under 12 (no fingerprints required).

      • Long-stay visa holders.

      • Legal residents in EU countries.

      • Nationals of countries requiring a visa (fingerprints already collected during visa application).


  • Implementation Timeline

    • Phased roll-out: Countries may introduce EES gradually over 180 days from launch.

    • Full operation expected: 10 April 2026.

    • Support tools: Optional smartphone app for pre-registration (fingerprints still required at border).

       

  • UK Border Impact

    • Affected locations: Port of Dover, Eurostar (St Pancras), Eurotunnel (Folkestone).

    • French border checks in UK: Permitted under reciprocal UK–France agreements.

    • Operational changes:

      • Passengers, including vehicle occupants, will need to leave their cars to use registration kiosks.

      • New EES processing site at Dover’s Western Docks.

      • St Pancras and Folkestone terminals fitted with registration kiosks.

    • Industry concerns: Potential delays, especially for vehicle passengers.

    • UK Government response: Financial support for infrastructure upgrades (announced August 2024).

 

  • Link to Schengen Short-Stay Rules

    • EES will enforce the 90 days in any 180-day short-stay limit.

    • Tracks overstayers and refusals of entry.

    • Ireland remains outside Schengen and will not operate EES.



 

2. European Travel Information and Authorisation System (ETIAS) 

  • What it is:

    ETIAS is an Electronic travel authorisation for non-EU/Schengen nationals from visa-waiver countries (including the UK). It is designed to enhance border security and pre-screen travellers.

 

  • Where it applies:

    It is required for entry to all EU Member States (except Ireland), plus the four non-EU Schengen countries (Norway, Iceland, Switzerland and Liechtenstein). 

     

      
  • Implementation and Cost

    • Launch date: Expected late 2026 (after EES becomes operational).

    • Application process: Online or via a mobile app, with checks against EU security and border databases.

    • Authorisation Validity: 3 years or until passport expiry, whichever comes first.

    • Cost:

      • €20 for travellers aged 18–70 ( increased from €7 to €20 in July 2025. )

      • Free for under-18s and over-70s.

    • Exemptions:

      • UK nationals and family members with Withdrawal Agreement rights (residing in the EU before 31 Dec 2020)– exempt with proof of status.

      • Holders of residence permits in any ETIAS-participating country.

 

  • Comparisons with other systems:

    • US ESTA: $21, valid for 2 years.

    • UK Electronic Travel Authorisation (ETA): £16, valid for 2 years (required for EU visitors from 2 April 2025).



 

Key Takeaways for Travellers and Businesses

  • Plan ahead: First-time travel after October 2025 may take longer due to biometric registration at borders.

  • Expect disruption: Border delays are likely during the roll-out, particularly at high-traffic UK–EU routes.

  • Budget for new fees: ETIAS will add a €20 cost per traveller aged 18–70.

  • Stay compliant: The EES will automatically track your days in the Schengen area. The EES data will be used to enforce Schengen stay limits and detect overstayers.